Tsarin Kera Takarda

1. A bare itacen. Akwai kayan da aka yi amfani da su da yawa, kuma ana amfani da itace a matsayin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a nan, wanda yake da inganci. Ana saka itacen da ake amfani da shi wajen yin takarda a cikin abin nadi sannan a cire bawon.

2. Yankewa. Sanya itacen da aka bare a cikin mai kauri.

3. Tururi da katakon da ya fashe. Ciyar da guntun itacen a cikin na'urar narke abinci.

4. Sannan a yi amfani da ruwa mai tsafta mai yawa don wanke ɓawon, sannan a cire ƙananan guntu, ƙulli, duwatsu da yashi a cikin ɓawon ta hanyar tacewa da tsarkakewa.

5. Dangane da buƙatun nau'in takarda, yi amfani da bleach don share ɓawon har zuwa farin da ake buƙata, sannan a yi amfani da kayan bugun don busar da shi.

Ana zuba ɓawon a cikin injin takarda. A wannan matakin, za a cire wani ɓangare na danshi daga ɓawon kuma zai zama bel ɗin ɓawon a jika, kuma zaren da ke cikinsa za a matse shi a hankali ta hanyar naɗin.

6. Fitar da danshi. Jajjagen yana tafiya tare da ribbon, yana cire ruwa, sannan ya yi kauri sosai.

7. Guga. Na'urar naɗawa mai santsi za ta iya goge saman takardar zuwa saman da ya yi santsi.

8. Yankewa. Sanya takardar a cikin injin sannan a yanka ta zuwa girman da aka saba.

Ka'idar yin takarda:
Ana raba samar da takarda zuwa manyan hanyoyi guda biyu: pulping da papermaking. Pupping shine amfani da hanyoyin injiniya, hanyoyin sinadarai, ko haɗin hanyoyin biyu don raba kayan zare na shuka zuwa pulping na halitta ko bleached pulver. Papermaking shine tsarin haɗa zare na pulping da aka rataye a cikin ruwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban zuwa zanen takarda waɗanda suka cika buƙatu daban-daban.

A ƙasar Sin, an danganta ƙirƙirar takarda ga eunuch Cai Lun na Daular Han (kimanin shekara ta 105 AD; bayanin editan sigar Sinanci: binciken tarihi na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa dole ne a tura wannan lokacin gaba). Takarda a wancan lokacin an yi ta ne da tushen bamboo, tsummoki, wiwi, da sauransu. Tsarin kera ta ƙunshi yin famfo, tafasa, tacewa, da kuma yaɗa ragowar don ya bushe a rana. Ƙirƙirar da amfani da takarda a hankali ya bazu zuwa arewa maso yamma tare da ayyukan kasuwanci na Hanyar Silk. A shekara ta 793 AD, an gina injin niƙa takarda a Baghdad, Farisa. Daga nan, yin takarda ya bazu zuwa ƙasashen Larabawa, da farko zuwa Damascus, sannan zuwa Masar da Maroko, sannan daga ƙarshe zuwa Exerovia a Spain. A shekara ta 1150 AD, Moors sun gina injin niƙa takarda na farko a Turai. Daga baya, an kafa masana'antar takarda a Horantes, Faransa a shekarar 1189, a Vabreano, Italiya a shekarar 1260, da kuma a Jamus a shekarar 1389. Bayan haka, akwai wani ɗan kasuwa a Ingila mai suna John Tent wanda ya fara yin takarda a shekarar 1498 a zamanin Sarki Henry na Biyu. A ƙarni na 19, an maye gurbin takarda da aka yi da tsummoki da tsire-tsire da takarda da aka yi da ɓawon shuke-shuke.
Daga abubuwan da aka tono, za a iya sanin cewa an yi takarda ta farko da wiwi. Tsarin kera ta kamar haka: yin amfani da wiwi a cikin ruwa don cire shi daga wuta; sannan a sarrafa wiwi a cikin zaren wiwi; sannan a buga zaren wiwi, wanda aka fi sani da bugun wiwi, don wargaza zaren wiwi; kuma a ƙarshe, kamun kifi na takarda, wanda shine Wato a shimfiɗa zaren wiwi daidai gwargwado a kan tabarmar bamboo da aka jika a cikin ruwa, sannan a cire ta a busar da ita don ta zama takarda.

Wannan tsari yayi kama da hanyar yin takarda, wanda ke nuna cewa tsarin yin takarda ya samo asali ne daga hanyar yin takarda. Tabbas, takarda ta farko har yanzu tana da tsauri sosai. Ba a yi wa zaren hemp ɗin bugu da kyau ba, kuma zaren ya bazu ba daidai ba lokacin da aka yi shi zuwa takarda. Saboda haka, ba abu ne mai sauƙi a rubuta shi ba, kuma galibi ana amfani da shi ne kawai don marufi.

Amma saboda bayyanarsa ne ainihin takardar farko ta duniya ta haifar da juyin juya hali a cikin kayan rubutu. A cikin wannan juyin juya halin kayan rubutu, Cai Lun ya bar sunansa a tarihi tare da gagarumin gudummawarsa.