1. Bvisa huni. Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvekushandisa, uye huni dzinoshandiswa sehuni, izvo zviri zvemhando yepamusoro. Huni dzinoshandiswa kugadzira bepa dzinoiswa muroller uye bark rinobviswa.
2. Kucheka. Isa huni dzakabviswa muchikamu chekucheka.
3. Kupisa nehuni dzakapwanyika. Isa zvidimbu zvehuni mumudziyo wekugaya.
4. Wobva washandisa mvura yakachena yakawanda kugeza dumbu, wobvisa zvidimbu zvakakora, mapfundo, matombo nejecha riri mudumbu kuburikidza nekurichenesa nekurichenesa.
5. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nerudzi rwepepa, shandisa bleach kuti uchenese pulp kusvika pakuchena kunodiwa, wobva washandisa michina yekurovera kuti urove.
Nyama yemupunga inoiswa mumuchina wepepa. Padanho iri, chikamu chehunyoro chichabviswa kubva mupunga uye chichava bhandi remupunga rakanyorova, uye shinda dziri mairi dzichadzvanywa pamwe chete zvinyoro-nyoro neroller.
6. Kubuda kwehunyoro. Nyama yacho inofamba ichitevedza ribhoni, yobvisa mvura, yoita kuti iwedzere kukora.
7. Kuayina. Roller ine pamusoro wakatsetseka inogona kuayina pamusoro pepepa kuita pamusoro wakatsetseka.
8. Kucheka. Isa bepa mumuchina woricheka kusvika pahukuru hwakajairika.
Pfungwa yekugadzira mapepa:
Kugadzira mapepa kwakakamurwa kuita maitiro maviri ekutanga: pulping nepapermaking. Pulping zvinoreva kushandisa nzira dzemakanika, nzira dzemakemikari, kana musanganiswa wenzira dzese dziri mbiri kupatsanura zvinhu zvemiti kuita pulp yechisikigo kana bleached pulp. Kugadzira mapepa inzira yekubatanidza pulp fibers dzakasungirirwa mumvura kuburikidza nemaitiro akasiyana kuita mapepa anosangana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana.
MuChina, kugadzirwa kwepepa kunonzi kwakaitwa nemukuru weHan Dynasty Cai Lun (anenge 105 AD; chinyorwa chemupepeti weChinese: tsvakiridzo yezvakaitika kare inoratidza kuti panguva ino inofanira kusundidzirwa mberi). Pepa panguva iyoyo raigadzirwa nemidzi yebamboo, machira, hemp, nezvimwewo. Maitiro ekugadzira aisanganisira kupwanya, kufashaidza, kusefa, uye kuparadzira zvasara kuti zviome muzuva. Kugadzirwa nekushandiswa kwepepa zvakapararira zvishoma nezvishoma kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero pamwe chete nemabasa ekutengeserana eSilk Road. Muna 793 AD, muchina wekugadzira mapepa wakavakwa muBaghdad, Persia. Kubva pano, kugadzira mapepa kwakapararira kunyika dzeArabhu, kutanga kuDamascus, ndokuzoenda kuEgypt neMorocco, uye pakupedzisira kuExerovia muSpain. Muna 1150 AD, maMoor vakavaka muchina wekutanga wekugadzira mapepa muEurope. Gare gare, makambani ekugadzira mapepa akavambwa muHorantes, France muna 1189, muVabreano, Italy muna 1260, uye muGermany muna 1389. Mushure meizvozvo, kwakava nemutengesi wekuLondon muEngland ainzi John Tent uyo akatanga kugadzira mapepa muna 1498 panguva yekutonga kwaMambo Henry II. Muzana remakore rechi19, pepa rakagadzirwa nemachira nemiti rakatsiviwa nepepa rakagadzirwa nemuti.
Zvinogona kuzivikanwa kubva pazvinhu zvakafukunurwa kuti bepa rekutanga rakagadzirwa nehemp. Maitiro ekugadzira ndeaya anotevera: kunyudza hemp mumvura kuti ibvise gumm; wobva wagadzira hemp kuita hemp strings; wobva wadzvanya hemp strings, inozivikanwawo sekurova, kuparadzira hemp fibers; uye pakupedzisira, kubata bepa, ndiko kuti kuparadzira hemp fibers zvakaenzana pabamboo mat yakanyikwa mumvura, wozoibvisa woiomesa kuti ive bepa.
Maitiro aya akafanana zvikuru nenzira ye flocculation, zvichiratidza kuti maitiro ekugadzira mapepa akazvarwa nenzira ye flocculation. Ehe, bepa rekutanga raive rakakombama zvikuru. Hemp fiber haina kupwanywa zvakanaka, uye fiber yacho yakanga isina kugoverwa zvakaenzana payakagadzirwa kuita bepa. Saka, zvakanga zvisiri nyore kunyora pairi, uye yaingoshandiswa chete pakurongedza zvinhu.
Asi nekuda kwechitarisiko chayo, bepa rekutanga pasi rose rakakonzera shanduko huru muzvinyorwa. Mukuchinja uku kwezvinhu zvekunyora, Cai Lun akasiya zita rake munhoroondo nerubatsiro rwake rwakakosha.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-13-2023