Te Tukanga Hanga Pepa

1. Tihorea te rakau. He maha ngā rauemi mata, ā, ko te rakau te rauemi mata i konei, he kounga pai. Ka whakanohoia te rakau e whakamahia ana hei hanga pepa ki roto i te roera, kātahi ka tangohia te kiri rakau.

2. Te tapahi. Tāpirihia te rakau kua tihorea ki roto i te mīhini tapatapahi.

3. Te korohū me te rakau pakaru. Whāngaihia ngā maramara rakau ki roto i te mīhini keri.

4. Kātahi ka whakamahia he nui o te wai ma hei horoi i te penupenu, ka tangohia ngā wahi taratara, ngā pona, ngā kōhatu me te onepu i roto i te penupenu mā te tātari me te purenga.

5. E ai ki ngā whakaritenga o te momo pepa, whakamahia te mā hei whakama i te penupenu ki te mā e hiahiatia ana, kātahi ka whakamahia ngā taputapu whiu hei whiu.

Ka whāngaihia te penupenu ki roto i te mīhini pepa. I tēnei taahiraa, ka tangohia tetahi wāhanga o te makuku mai i te penupenu, ā, ka huri hei whitiki penupenu mākū, ā, ka pēhia māriretia ngā muka o roto e te roera.

6. Te whakaputanga makuku. Ka neke te penupenu i te taha o te rīpene, ka tangohia te wai, ā, ka matotoru haere.

7. Te rino. Ka taea e te roera he mata maeneene te rino i te mata o te pepa kia maeneene.

8. Te tapahi. Whakanohoia te pepa ki roto i te mīhini ka tapahia ki te rahi paerewa.

Te mātāpono hanga pepa:
E rua ngā tukanga matua o te hanga pepa: te whakapūpū me te hanga pepa. Ko te whakapūpū he whakamahi i ngā tikanga ā-ringa, i ngā tikanga matū, i te whakakotahitanga rānei o ngā tikanga e rua hei wehewehe i ngā rauemi mata o te muka tipu hei penupenu tūturu, hei penupenu mā rānei. Ko te hanga pepa he tukanga whakakotahi i ngā muka penupenu e iri ana i roto i te wai mā roto i ngā tukanga maha hei pepa pepa e tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga maha.

I Haina, i ahu mai te whakaaro ki te hanga pepa i te unaka a Cai Lun o te Han Dynasty (tata ki te 105 AD; tuhipoka a te ētita putanga Hainamana: e whakaatu ana ngā rangahau hītori hou me pana whakamua tēnei wā). I taua wā, i hangaia te pepa mai i ngā pakiaka o te bamboo, te kakahu taratara, te hemp, me ētahi atu. Ko te tukanga hanga ko te patupatu, te kohua, te tātari, me te hora i te toenga kia maroke i te rā. I horapa haere te hanga me te whakamahinga o te pepa ki te raki-mā-uru me ngā mahi arumoni o te Ara Hiraka. I te tau 793 AD, i hangaia he mira pepa ki Baghdad, Pēhia. Mai i konei, i horapa te hanga pepa ki ngā whenua Arapi, tuatahi ki Ramahiku, kātahi ki Ihipa me Moroko, ā, i te mutunga ki Exerovia i Pāniora. I te tau 1150 AD, i hangaia e ngā Mōori te mira pepa tuatahi o Ūropi. Nō muri mai, ka whakatūria ngā mira pepa ki Horantes, Wīwī i te tau 1189, ki Vabreano, Itari i te tau 1260, ā, ki Tiamana i te tau 1389. Whai muri i tēnā, i noho tētahi kaihokohoko o Rānana i Ingarangi, ko John Tent tōna ingoa, ā, ka tīmata tana hanga pepa i te tau 1498 i te wā o te kingitanga o Kingi Henry II. I te rautau 19, ko te pepa i hangaia mai i ngā kakahu taratara me ngā tipu ka whakakapia ki te pepa i hangaia mai i te penupenu tipu.
E mōhiotia ana i roto i ngā mea i keria mai, i hangaia te pepa o mua ki te hemp. Ko te tukanga hanga he penei: te retting, arā, te ruku i te hemp ki te wai hei tango i te kapia; kātahi ka tukatuka i te hemp hei miro hemp; kātahi ka patupatu i ngā miro hemp, e mōhiotia ana ko te whiu, hei whakamarara i ngā muka hemp; ā, ko te hī pepa, arā, te hora i ngā muka hemp kia ōrite ki runga i te whāriki pāpaka kua rukuhia ki te wai, kātahi ka tangohia ki waho ka whakamaroke kia pepa.

He tino rite tēnei tukanga ki te tikanga whakapūpū, e tohu ana i whānau mai te tukanga hanga pepa i te tikanga whakapūpū. Ko te tikanga, he tino taratara tonu te pepa o mua. Kāore i pai te patupatu o te muka hemp, ā, kāore i tino ōrite te tohatoha o te muka i te wā i hangaia ai hei pepa. Nō reira, kāore i ngāwari te tuhituhi ki runga, ā, ko te nuinga o te wā he mea whakamahi noa mō ngā taonga tākai.

Engari nā tōna āhua tonu i puta ai te hurihanga o ngā rauemi tuhituhi i te pepa tuatahi o te ao. I roto i tēnei hurihanga o ngā rauemi tuhituhi, i waiho e Cai Lun tōna ingoa i roto i te hītori me tana takoha nui.