Fiberglass e etsoa joang?

Fiberglass e bolela sehlopha sa lihlahisoa tse entsoeng ka likhoele tsa khalase ka bomong tse kopantsoeng ka mefuta e sa tšoaneng.Likhoele tsa khalase li ka aroloa ka lihlopha tse peli tse kholo ho ea ka geometry ea tsona: likhoele tse tsoelang pele tse sebelisoang likhoeleng le masela, le likhoele tse sa khaotseng (tse khutšoane) tse sebelisoang e le bo-'mankhane, likobo, kapa liboto bakeng sa ho koala le ho sefa.Fiberglass e ka etsoa hore e be khoele e kang boea kapa k'hothone, 'me e lohetsoe ka lesela leo ka linako tse ling le sebelisetsoang li-draperies.Masela a fiberglass hangata a sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tse matlafatsang bakeng sa polasetiki e bōpiloeng le e entsoeng ka laminated.Fiberglass wool, e leng thepa e teteaneng, e fluffy e entsoeng ka likhoele tse sa khaotseng, e sebelisoa bakeng sa ho kenya mocheso le ho monya molumo.Hangata e fumanoa ka likepe le li-submarine bulkheads le li-hulls;likarolo tsa enjene ea likoloi le liphanele tsa 'mele;ka liboping le li-air conditioning units;acoustic lerako le siling diphanele;le likarolo tsa meralo.Fiberglass e ka etsoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ikhethileng tse kang Mofuta oa E (motlakase), o sebelisoang e le tepi ea ho kenya motlakase, masela le matlafatso;Mofuta oa C (lik'hemik'hale), o nang le khanyetso e phahameng ea asiti, le Mofuta oa T, bakeng sa ho thibela mocheso.

Le hoja tšebeliso ea khoebo ea fiber ea khalase e le ea morao tjena, litsebi tsa mesebetsi ea matsoho li ile tsa etsa likhoele tsa khalase bakeng sa ho khabisa likotlolo le lijana nakong ea Tsosoloso.Setsebi sa fisiks sa Lefora, Rene-Antoine Ferchault de Reaumur, se ile sa etsa masela a khabisitsoeng ka likhoele tse ntle tsa khalase ka 1713, ’me baqapi ba Mabrithani ba ile ba etsisa sena ka 1822. Molohi oa silika oa Brithani o ile a etsa lesela la khalase ka 1842, ’me moqapi e mong, Edward Libbey, o ile a bontša moaparo o lohiloeng ka khalase Pontšong ea 1893 Columbian e Chicago.

Boea ba khalase, boea bo bohlasoa ba khoele e sa tsoeleng pele ka bolelele bo sa reroang, bo ile ba hlahisoa Europe qalong ea lekholo lena, ho sebelisoa mokhoa o neng o kenyelletsa ho hula likhoele ho tloha lithupeng ho ea ho moropa o bilikang.Lilemo tse mashome hamorao, mokhoa oa ho ohla o ile oa hlahisoa 'me oa fuoa tokelo ea molao.Thepa ea khalase e sireletsang fiber e entsoe Jeremane nakong ea Ntoa ea I ea Lefatše. Lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele e reretsoeng tlhahiso ea indasteri ea likhoele tsa khalase e hatetse pele United States lilemong tsa bo-1930, tlas'a tataiso ea lik'hamphani tse peli tse kholo, Owens-Illinois Glass Company le Corning Glass. E sebetsa.Lik'hamphani tsena li ile tsa qapa fiber ea khalase e ntle, e tenyetsehang, e theko e tlase ka ho hula likhalase tse qhibilihisitsoeng ka mathule a matle haholo.Ka 1938, lik'hamphani tsena tse peli li ile tsa kopana ho theha Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp. Hona joale e tsejoang e le Owens-Corning, e fetohile k'hamphani ea liranta tse limilione tse likete tse 3 ka selemo, 'me ke moetapele oa' maraka oa fiberglass.

Lisebelisoa tse so fetoloe

Lisebelisoa tsa mantlha tsa lihlahisoa tsa fiberglass ke mefuta e fapaneng ea liminerale tsa tlhaho le lik'hemik'hale tse entsoeng.Metsoako e ka sehloohong ke lehlabathe la silica, limestone le soda molora.Lisebelisoa tse ling li ka kenyelletsa calcined alumina, borax, feldspar, nepheline syenite, magnesite, le letsopa la kaolin, har'a tse ling.Lehlabathe la silika le sebelisoa e le khalase ea pele, 'me molora oa soda le lejoe la mokoetla li thusa haholo ho theola mocheso o qhibilihang.Lisebelisoa tse ling li sebelisoa ho ntlafatsa thepa e itseng, joalo ka borax bakeng sa ho hanyetsa lik'hemik'hale.Khalase ea litšila, eo hape e bitsoang cullet, e boetse e sebelisoa e le thepa e tala.Lisebelisoa tse tala li tlameha ho lekanngoa ka hloko ka bongata bo nepahetseng 'me li kopane hantle (tse bitsoang batching) pele li qhibiliha ka khalase.

The Manufacturing
Tshebetso

Ho qhibiliha

Hang ha betch e lokisitsoe, e kenngoa ka sebōping sa ho qhibiliha.Sebōpi se ka besoa ka motlakase, mafura a fossil, kapa motsoako oa tse peli.Thempereichara e tlameha ho laoloa hantle ho boloka khalase e phalla hantle, e tsitsitseng.Khalase e entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa e lokela ho bolokoa mochesong o phahameng (hoo e ka bang 2500°F [1371°C]) ho feta mefuta e meng ea khalase e le hore e ka etsoa fiber.Hang ha khalase e qhibiliha, e fetisetsoa ho thepa ea ho etsa ka mocha (forehearth) e qetellong ea sebōpi.

Ho theha likhoele

Ho sebelisoa mekhoa e mengata e fapaneng ho etsa likhoele, ho latela mofuta oa fiber.Likhoele tsa masela li ka ’na tsa etsoa ka khalase e entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa ka ho toba ho tloha sebōping, kapa khalase e qhibilihisitsoeng e ka ’na ea fepeloa pele mochineng o etsang ’mabole oa khalase oa bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 0,62 (1,6 cm).Limabole tsena li lumella likhalase hore li hlahlojoe ka mahlo bakeng sa litšila.Ka bobeli ts'ebetsong e tobileng ea ho qhibiliha le 'mabole, likhalase kapa limmabole tsa khalase li fepeloa ka lihlahla tse futhumetseng ka motlakase (tseo hape li bitsoang spinnerets).The bushing e entsoe ka platinum kapa tšepe e kopantsoeng, e nang le li-orifices tse ntle haholo tse 200 ho isa ho tse 3,000.Khalase e entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa e feta ka mathōkong ebe e tsoa e le likhoele tse ntle.

Ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele-filament

Filamente e telele, e tsoelang pele e ka hlahisoa ka mokhoa o tsoelang pele oa filament.Ka mor'a hore khalase e phalle ka har'a masoba a morung, likhoele tse ngata li ts'oaroa ka moea o lebelo le phahameng.Winder e potoloha ka lebelo la lik'hilomithara tse 2 (3 km) ka motsotso, ka lebelo le leholo ho feta lebelo la ho phalla ho tloha lihlahleng.Ho tsitsipana ho ntša likhoele ha li ntse li qhibilihile, ho etsa likhoele karoloana ea bophara ba masoba a morung.Ho sebelisoa setlamo sa lik'hemik'hale, se thusang hore fiber e se ke ea robeha nakong ea ts'ebetso ea morao-rao.Joale khoele e tšeloa holim'a li-tubes.Hona joale e ka sothoa 'me ea kenngoa khoeleng.

Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa fiber

Mokhoa o mong ke mokhoa oa staplefiber.Ha khalase e qhibilihisitsoeng e phalla har'a lihlahla, lifofane tsa moea li pholile ka potlako likhoele.Ho phatloha ho hoholo ha moea ho boetse ho pshatla likhoele ka bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 8-15 (20-38 cm).Likhoele tsena li oela ka har'a setlolo sa lubricant holim'a moqomo o bilikang, moo li etsang tepo e tšesaane.Tepo e huloa ho tloha moqomong ebe e huleloa khoeleng e tsoelang pele ea likhoele tse kopantsoeng ka mokhoa o hlephileng.Khoele ena e ka fetoloa khoele ka mekhoa e tšoanang e sebelisoang bakeng sa boea le k'hothone.

Fiber e khethiloeng

Ho e-na le ho etsoa khoele, khoele e tsoelang pele kapa e telele e ka ’na ea khaoloa hore e be bolelele bo khutšoanyane.Khoele e kenngoa holim'a sete ea li-bobbins, e bitsoang creel, 'me e huloa ka mochine o e khaolang likotoana tse khutšoanyane.Khoele e khaotsoeng e etsoa meseme eo ho kenyelletsoang setlamo.Ka mor'a ho pheha ka ontong, 'mete oa phuthoa.Boima le botenya bo fapaneng bo fana ka lihlahisoa tsa li-shingles, marulelo a hahiloeng, kapa limmete tse khabisitsoeng.

Boea ba khalase

Mokhoa oa rotary kapa spinner o sebelisetsoa ho etsa boea ba khalase.Ts'ebetsong ena, khalase e qhibilihisitsoeng e tsoang seboping e phalla ka har'a setshelo sa cylindrical se nang le masoba a manyane.Ha setshelo se ntse se bilika ka potlako, melapo e tšekaletseng ea likhalase e phalla ho tsoa mekoting.Melatsoana ea khalase e qhibilihisitsoeng e fetoloa likhoele ka ho phatloha ha moea, khase e chesang kapa ka bobeli.Likhoele li oela holim'a lebanta la conveyor, moo li hokahanang ka boea ba boea.Sena se ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho pata, kapa boea bo ka fafatsoa ka sekontiri, ba hatelloa ka botenya bo batloang, 'me ba phekoloa ka ontong.Mocheso o beha setlamo, 'me sehlahisoa se hlahisoang e ka ba boto e thata kapa e thata-thata, kapa batt e tenyetsehang.

Liaparo tse sireletsang

Ntle le li-binders, ho na le liaparo tse ling tse hlokahalang bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa fiberglass.Litlolo li sebelisoa ho fokotsa khoho ea faeba 'me li fafatsoa ka kotloloho holim'a fiber kapa li kentsoe ka har'a se tlamang.Sebopeho sa anti-static le sona ka linako tse ling se fafatsoa holim'a mete ea fiberglass ea ho kenya fiber nakong ea mohato oa ho pholile.Moea o pholileng o huloang ka moseme o etsa hore moemeli oa anti-static o phunyeletse botenya bohle ba 'mete.Moemeli oa anti-static o na le lisebelisoa tse peli - lisebelisoa tse fokotsang tlhahiso ea motlakase o tsitsitseng, le thepa e sebetsang e le "corrosion inhibitor" le "stabilizer". likarolo tse ling (lubricant, binders, kapa coupling agents).Lisebelisoa tsa ho kopanya li sebelisoa holim'a likhoele tse tla sebelisoa bakeng sa ho matlafatsa li-plastiki, ho matlafatsa tlamahano ea thepa e matlafalitsoeng.Bakeng sa li-reinforcements tsa polasetiki, boholo bo ka tlosoa ka mocheso kapa lik'hemik'hale 'me ho ka sebelisoa ntho e kopanyang.Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa mekhabiso, masela a tlameha ho hloekisoa mocheso ho tlosa boholo le ho beha weave.Liaparo tsa motheo tsa dae li sebelisoa pele li shoa kapa li hatisoa.

Ho etsa libopeho

Lihlahisoa tsa fiberglass li na le libopeho tse fapaneng tse fapaneng, tse entsoeng ka mekhoa e mengata.Mohlala, ho kenella ka har'a lipeipi tsa fiberglass ho kenngoe mefuteng e kang ea molamu e bitsoang mandrels ka kotloloho ho tsoa ho li-unit tsa ho etsa, pele ho ho folisoa.Mefuta ea hlobo, e bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 91 kapa ka tlaase ho moo, ebe e phekolloa ka ontong.Bolelele bo folisitsoeng bo theoleloa ka bolelele, 'me bo sakha ka litekanyo tse itseng.Lifahleho li sebelisoa ha ho hlokahala, 'me sehlahisoa se pakoa hore se romeloe.

Taolo ea Boleng

Nakong ea tlhahiso ea fiberglass insulation, thepa e etsoa sampole libakeng tse 'maloa molemong oa ho boloka boleng.Libaka tsena li kenyelletsa: batch e tsoakiloeng e feptjoang mokelikeli oa motlakase;khalase e qhibilihisitsoeng ho tloha sehlahla se fepang fiberizer;fiber ea khalase e tsoang mochining oa fiberizer;le sehlahisoa sa ho qetela se phekotsoeng se hlahang qetellong ea mohala oa tlhahiso.Likhalase tse ngata le lisampole tsa faeba li sekasekoa bakeng sa sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale le boteng ba liphoso ho sebelisoa li-analyzer tsa lik'hemik'hale tse tsoetseng pele le li-microscopes.Kabo ea boholo ba likaroloana tsa thepa ea batch e fumanoa ka ho fetisa thepa ka har'a li-sieve tse ngata tse fapaneng.Sehlahisoa sa ho qetela se lekanyetsoa ka botenya ka mor'a ho paka ho latela litlhaloso.Ho fetoha ha botenya ho bontša hore boleng ba khalase bo ka tlase ho maemo.

Baetsi ba li-insulation tsa fiberglass le bona ba sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ea liteko tse emeng ho lekanya, ho lokisa, le ho ntlafatsa khanyetso ea acoustical ea sehlahisoa, ho monya molumo le ts'ebetso ea thibelo ea molumo.Thepa ea acoustical e ka laoloa ka ho lokisa mefuta e fapaneng ea tlhahiso joalo ka bophara ba fiber, bongata ba bongata, botenya, le litaba tsa binder.Mokhoa o tšoanang o sebelisoa ho laola thepa ea mocheso.

Bokamoso

Indasteri ea fiberglass e tobane le mathata a mang a maholo ho theosa le lilemo tsa bo-1990 le ho feta.Palo ea bahlahisi ba li-insulation tsa fiberglass e eketsehile ka lebaka la lithuso tsa Amerika tsa lik'hamphani tsa kantle ho naha le ntlafatso ea tlhahiso ke bahlahisi ba US.Sena se entse hore ho be le matla a feteletseng, ao 'maraka oa hona joale le mohlomong oa nakong e tlang o ke keng oa khona ho o amohela.

Ho phaella ho matla a feteletseng, lisebelisoa tse ling tsa ho kenya letsoho li tla hlōlisana.Boea ba majoe bo se bo sebelisoa haholo ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea morao-rao le ntlafatso ea lihlahisoa.Ho kenya foam ke mokhoa o mong ho fapana le fiberglass maboteng a bolulo le marulelong a khoebo.Ntho e 'ngoe e hlōlisanang ke cellulose, e sebelisoang ho kenya marulelo a marulelo.

Ka lebaka la tlhokahalo e tlase ea ho kenya letsoho ka lebaka la 'maraka o bonolo oa matlo, bareki ba batla litheko tse tlase.Tlhokahalo ena e boetse e bakoa ke mokhoa o tsoelang pele oa ho kopanya barekisi le borakonteraka.Ho arabela, indasteri ea ho kenya fiberglass e tla tlameha ho tsoela pele ho fokotsa litšenyehelo libakeng tse peli tse kholo: matla le tikoloho.Ho tla lokela ho sebelisoa libōpi tse sebetsang hantle haholoanyane tse sa itšetlehang ka mohloli o le mong feela oa matla.

Ha lithōle li fihla boemong bo phahameng, baetsi ba fiberglass ba tla tlameha ho fumana tlhahiso e batlang e le zero ho litšila tse tiileng ntle le ho eketsa litšenyehelo.Sena se tla hloka ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea tlhahiso ho fokotsa litšila (bakeng sa litšila tsa metsi le khase) le ho sebelisa litšila hohle moo ho khonehang.

Litšila tse joalo li ka hloka hore li sebelisoe hape le ho qhibilihisoa pele li sebelisoa hape e le thepa e tala.Baetsi ba 'maloa ba se ba ntse ba sebetsana le litaba tsena.