Tex ɗin Roving kai tsaye: Zaɓin 2400, 4800 ko 9600 don Pultrusion da Filament Winding
Layin pultrusion wanda ba ya taɓa yin aiki sosai ba yawanci yana da matsalar tex, ba matsalar resin ba. Bayanin yana fitowa da busassun faci a kusurwoyi da zarar ka tura saurin. Ko kuma abin da ke cikin gilashin yana ƙasa da abin da zane ke buƙata, kuma babu adadin zafin jiki da zai rufe gibin. Ko kuma kowane matsayi akan creel an mamaye shi kuma ɓangaren har yanzu yana da ƙarancin zare. Babu ɗayan waɗannan da ya bayyana a matsayin kuskuren takardar bayanai, saboda babu wani abu a kan takardar bayanai da ke da kuskure. Suna bayyana saboda an zaɓi tex daga cikin kundin adireshi maimakon daga layin.
Wannan jagorar tana aiki ta hanyar zaɓin tsakanin 2400, 4800 da 9600 tex kamar yadda injiniyan tsari ya cika shi: menene ma'aunin lamba, dalilin da yasa ba za a iya musanya juyawa biyu tare da tex iri ɗaya ba, adadin ƙarshen da bayanin martaba ya buƙata, da kuma abin da kowane mataki zai kashe maka.
Menene ainihin ma'aunin tex (da kuma adadin yawan amfanin da ke bayansa)
Tex yana da yawan layi: gram a kowace mita 1,000. Jirgin ruwa mai nauyin tex 2400 yana da nauyin 2.4 g ga kowace mita da ka ja; tex 4800 yana da nauyin 4.8 g; tex 9600 yana da nauyin 9.6 g. Wannan shine cikakken ma'anar, kuma ya cancanci a faɗi a sarari saboda ana amfani da tex a matsayin gajeriyar hanya don "kauri" ta hanyar ɓoye abubuwa biyu da ba a bayyana ba: diamita na filament a cikin zaren, da ƙarfin laminate da za ka gina daga gare shi.
Idan zane-zanenku ko sashen siyan ku suna aiki a cikin raka'o'in Amurka, ƙayyadaddun bayanai iri ɗaya yana bayyana kamar yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin yadi a kowace fam, wanda ke nuna kadarar iri ɗaya daga ɗayan gefen:
A cikin layi ɗaya:Yd/lb = 496,055 ÷ tex.
| tes | g/m | ≈ yd/lb |
| 1200 | 1.2 | 413 |
| 2400 | 2.4 | 207 |
| 4800 | 4.8 | 103 |
| 9600 | 9.6 | 52 |
Juyawar lissafi ce, ba ta nufin kimanta halayen abu ba: lb 1 = 453.592 g da yd 1 = 0.9144 m, kuma daidaiton ya faɗi daga waɗannan gaskiyar guda biyu. Yana da mahimmanci saboda mai rarrabawa na Amurka yana ambaton "206 ribar" da takardar bayanai ta injin da ke cewa "2400 tex" suna kwatanta irin wannan motsi a cikin alamun rubutu guda biyu. Juyawa kafin ka kwatanta, kuma kada ka taɓa sanya siffar tex da siffar ribar a cikin tebur ɗaya ba tare da sanya wanne ginshiƙi ne wanne ba.
Tex ɗaya, madauri daban
Masu samar da kayayyaki guda biyu za su iya ƙirga 4800 tex kuma har yanzu suna jigilar zare waɗanda ke nuna halaye daban-daban, saboda tex samfurin yanke shawara biyu masu zaman kansu ne: adadin zare da bushing ke ɗauke da shi, da kuma kauri na kowanne zare.
Filamin gilashin E guda ɗaya a 17 µm yana ɗauke da kimanin tex 0.58; a 24 µm, kimanin tex 1.15, a lokacin da aka ɗauka cewa yawan gilashin ya kai 2.55 g/cm³. A yi wannan lissafin kuma wani abu mai amfani ya bayyana: wani rami mai ramuka 4,000 da aka zana a 17 µm ya faɗi kusa da tex 2,315, yayin da rami mai ramuka 2,000 a 24 µm ya faɗi kusa da tex 2,307. Wannan tex ɗin, rabin adadin ramin, ya kai kusan 40% mafi girma a diamita.
Zaren biyu ba su yi daidai da juna ba a ƙasa. Tarin zaren da yawa masu laushi suna gabatar da ƙarin yanki na saman resin kuma suna bazuwa zuwa wani yanki mai faɗi, wanda ke taimakawa wajen jika da kuma taimakawa wajen cike wani rami mai faɗi da siriri. Tarin zaren da ba su da ƙarfi yana zubar da ruwa kuma yana shiga cikin mahaifa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, yana hana buɗewa a ƙofar matsewa, kuma yana fassara ƙarfinsa zuwa laminate ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Babu ɗayansu da ya fi kyau a cikin taƙaitaccen bayani; kayan aiki ne daban-daban.
Aikin da wannan ke nufi ƙarami ne kuma mai araha: a nemi diamita na filament da adadin ramin bushing tare da tex ɗin. Masu samar da kayayyaki suna buga tex da diamita a matsayin ginshiƙai daban-daban saboda wannan dalili, kuma ita ce hanya mafi sauri don gano ko 4800 mai rahusa shine ƙarfafawa iri ɗaya ko kuma kawai lamba ɗaya.
Ma'aunin taro: daga bayanin martaba zuwa ƙarshe
Wannan ita ce lissafin da ke mayar da zane zuwa tsarin creel. Matakai uku, kuma zato yana da mahimmanci kamar lissafin.
Mataki na 1 - gilashin da aka auna a kowace mita.Ɗauki yankin giciye a cikin cm², ninka da 100 don samun girman mita ɗaya na bayanin martaba, ninka da ɓangaren girman zare da aka yi niyya, sannan da yawan gilashi. Don yawan, 2.55 g/cm³ shine ƙimar da aka yi amfani da ita a nan.
Mataki na 2 - ƙarewa.Raba gilashin da aka yi amfani da shi a kowace mita ta hanyar amfani da shi a kowane gefe, wanda shine tex ÷ 1,000.
Mataki na 3 - sake duba kuma sake duba.Ƙarshen lambobi ne. A tattara, sannan a ƙididdige abubuwan da ke cikin zaren da za ku gina, domin wannan shine bayanin martabar da za ku aika.
Zato, an faɗi sau ɗaya don ku iya maye gurbin naku: duk ƙarfafawa yana tafiya (babu tabarma, veil ko filler a cikin sashin), manufa Vf shine ƙaramin juzu'i maimakon ƙaramin juzu'i na nauyi, kuma ba a yin watsi da clearance na die da resin bleeding-back ba. Canza kowane ɗayan waɗannan kuma lambobin suna motsawa.
Misalin da aka yi aiki da shi: bayanin martaba mai faɗi 100 mm × 6 mm a maƙasudin Vf na 0.60.
- Faɗi = 6.00 cm², don haka mita ɗaya na bayanin martaba ya ƙunshi 600 cm³ na abu
- Girman gilashi = 600 × 0.60 = 360 cm³
- Gilashin nauyi = 360 × 2.55 =918 g/m
| tes | g/m a kowane ƙarshe | ana buƙatar ƙarshen (daidai) | ya ƙare da oda | an kawo g/m | An gina Vf a zahiri |
| 2400 | 2.4 | 382.5 | 383 | 919.2 | 0.601 |
| 4800 | 4.8 | 191.3 | 192 | 921.6 | 0.602 |
| 9600 | 9.6 | 95.6 | 96 | 921.6 | 0.602 |
Duk zaɓuɓɓukan tex guda uku sun kai ga abin da ake so a cikin zagaye. Wannan shine ma'anar: a wannan matakin lissafin tex yayi kama da zaɓi na 'yanci. Bambance-bambancen da suka nuna hakan ba sa cikin wannan teburin.
Abin da za ka samu da kuma abin da za ka biya idan ka hau mataki ɗaya
Ƙarshen ɗari uku da tamanin da uku sun zama 192, sannan 96. Wannan rabo ɗaya yana jagorantar asusun guda huɗu daban-daban, kuma ba duk suna tafiya a hanya ɗaya ba.
Matsayin creel da lokacin zare.Kudin creel yana kan kowane matsayi, haka nan kuma aikin zare shi. Rage ƙarshen ya raba biyu. A kan layi inda tsawon creel shine ƙuntatawa ta ɗaure - wanda shine mafi yawan layukan pultrusion - wannan sau da yawa shine ainihin dalilin hawa mataki, kuma ba shi da alaƙa da kayan.
Canje-canje da haɗin fakiti.Rabin ƙarshen yana nufin rabin fakitin, don haka rabin doffs da rabin splices a kowane aiki. A ci gaba da gudu, ƙarancin katsewa ya fi darajar adadi mafi kyau na jika, saboda kowane splice wuri ne da wani abu zai iya faruwa ba daidai ba.
Jikewa.Nan ne ake buƙatar cancantar kasida. Mafi girman tex yana ƙara yawan zare a kowace ƙarshe, kuma shafin samfurin ya faɗi kai tsaye: mafi girman lambar tex yana nufin zare mai kauri, wanda za a iya amfani da shi don ƙara yawan zare da kuma hanzarta samarwa. Wannan gaskiya ne, kuma magana ce game da yawan zare a kowace ƙarshe. Ba alkawari ba ne cewa zare a cikin ku zai ci gaba.
Lokacin zama a cikin wanka shine tsawon wanka da aka raba ta hanyar saurin layi. Wanka mai mita 0.6 da ke gudana a mita 0.3/min yana ba kowace zare minti biyu a cikin resin; a mita 0.6/min yana ba da minti ɗaya; a mita 1.2/min, daƙiƙa talatin. Ƙwayar da ta fi kauri tana da ƙarin layukan filament don resin ya shiga, don haka lokacin zama iri ɗaya yana rage shigar ciki. Ɗaga saurin tex da layin tare - wanda shine ainihin abin da hujjar fitarwa ke ƙarfafawa - kuma tasirin biyu suna haɗuwa akan fitar da ruwa.
Tsarin abun ciki na fiber.Ɗaya daga cikin ƙarshen 2400 tex yana motsa Vf da kusan maki 0.16 a kan wannan bayanin martaba. Ɗaya daga cikin ƙarshen 4800 tex yana motsa shi 0.31; ɗaya daga ƙarshen 9600 tex, 0.63. Idan ƙayyadaddun bayaninka shine 60 ± 1%, duk ukun suna aiki. Idan kuna yankewa a cikin taga mai maki ɗaya - 62% zuwa 63%, ko kuma daidai da takardar shaidar abokin ciniki - 2400 tex yana ba ku kimanin matakai shida a fadinsa, 9600 tex kusan ɗaya.
Idan aka haɗa, tsarin yana daidai: siririn bango, ƙananan sassa da juriyar abubuwan da ke cikin zare suna tura ku zuwa ga mafi kyawun tex, inda ƙarin ƙarshen ke siyan ƙuduri har ma da yaduwa. Sassan kauri, dogayen gudu da layuka masu iyaka suna tura ku zuwa ga tex mai kauri, inda ƙananan ƙarshen ke siyan sauƙi. Layuka kaɗan ne ke iyakance ga duka huɗu a lokaci guda, shi ya sa amsar ta bambanta tsakanin tsire-tsire biyu da ke gudanar da bayanin martaba iri ɗaya.
Naɗewar filaye da kuma naɗewar filaye: nau'in tex ɗaya, rufin biyu
Irin wannan tsari yana aiki daban-daban a cikin matakai biyu domin iyakancewar ba iri ɗaya ba ce.
In pultrusion, rufin shine ƙofar da aka yi amfani da ita. Dole ne a shimfiɗa kowane ƙarshen zuwa wani madauri wanda ke cika ramin daidai, ba tare da gibba ba kuma ba tare da haɗuwa ba. Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan ƙarshen suna bazuwa cikin sauƙi kuma suna cika yanki mai faɗi da zurfi mafi kyau; ƙananan ƙarshen, masu kauri sun fi tauri, suna hana buɗewa, kuma suna iya barin kusurwoyin cikin yunwa. Don haka ana saita text mai amfani ta hanyar adadin ƙarshen da creel ɗinku ke riƙewa da kuma yadda yaduwar da kuka yi kafin mutuwa ke aiki - ba ta hanyar abin da takardar bayanai ke bayarwa ba.
In naɗewar filament, rufin yana da bandwidth da tashin hankali. A daidai lokacin da aka samar da shi, ƙarshen 48 na tex 2400 da ƙarshen 12 na tex 9600 suna isar da nauyin iri ɗaya a kowace awa. Ƙarshe 12 yana nufin gajeriyar hanyar tashin hankali da ƙarancin jagora, wanda ya fi sauƙin sarrafawa kuma ya fi sauƙin sake zana shi. Amma kowanne daga cikin waɗannan fakitin 12 yanzu yana ɗauke da ninki huɗu na kwararar taro, don haka snag ɗaya, fakiti ɗaya mara kyau ko ƙarar tashin hankali ɗaya yana bayyana a matsayin lahani na band akan yanki mai faɗi. Winding kuma yana kula da faɗin band a kowace wucewa, wanda ke canzawa da tex: roving mai kauri yana rufe ƙarin faɗi a cikin hanya ɗaya, wanda ke canza adadin wucewa da ke rufe wani layi.
Juyawa da ya dace a ƙarshen 383 ta hanyar injin jujjuyawar iska na iya zama zaɓi mara kyau a ƙarshen 12 akan mandrel. Lamba ɗaya, rufin daban.
Lambar fitarwa da ke girma girman ku
Kafin ka fara ciniki, ka tabbata kana da abin da kake buƙata:
Lissafi layi ɗaya ne:kg/h = ƙarewa × (text ÷ 1000) × gudun layi (m/min) × 0.06.
A gudun mita 25/min, isar da 172.8 kg/h yana ɗaukar ƙarshen 48 na tex 2400, ƙarshen 24 na tex 4800, ko ƙarshen 12 na tex 9600.
| tes | Ya ƙare don 172.8 kg/h a 25 m/min | Ya ƙare don 345.6 kg/h a 25 m/min |
| 2400 | 48 | 96 |
| 4800 | 24 | 48 |
| 9600 | 12 | 24 |
Wannan ita ce lambar da ta ƙayyade girman creel, nauyin fakitin da kuma tazarar yin doffing. Ba ta gaya maka ko layin zai jike ba - wato lissafin lokacin zama a sama - kuma ba ta gaya maka ko bayanin martaba zai cika ba. Yi amfani da shi don girman creel ɗin, sannan ka yi amfani da sauran biyun don tabbatar da cewa creel ɗin da ka auna zai iya aiki da gaske.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi akai-akai
Zan iya siyan text mafi kauri don rage ƙarshensa?
Za ka iya, kuma a kan layi mai iyaka, sau da yawa daidai ne. Duba abubuwa biyu da farko: lokacin da wankanka yake bayarwa a saurin da kake so, da kuma ko ƙarshen wannan tex ɗin ya yi tsauri sosai don jure wa sinadarin fiber. Idan duka biyun suka wuce, tex ɗin ya fi ƙarfi idan aka yi amfani da sauƙi.
Masu samar da kayayyaki guda biyu suna ambaton irin wannan rubutu - shin za a iya musanya su?
Ba lallai ba ne. Nemi diamita na filament, adadin ramukan bushing da tsarin girma. Irin wannan tex ɗin tare da tsarin zare daban zai jike daban kuma ba zai haifar da ƙarfi zuwa laminate iri ɗaya ba.
Shin 4800 tex "a tsakanin" 2400 da 9600?
A cikin taro, eh: daidai ninki biyu da rabi. A cikin sharuddan tsari, a'a. Yana raba ƙarshen ba tare da rage adadin matakan daidaitawa ba, kuma yana ninka yawan kwararar taro a kowane fakiti maimakon ninka shi sau huɗu. Canjin ba layi bane, shi ya sa zaɓin tsakiya galibi shine wanda ya dace da layi tare da madaidaicin creel da juriya mai tsauri.
Zaɓi rubutun da layinka zai iya ɗauka
Tex wani zaɓi ne na layi wanda ke sanye da kayan takardar bayanai. Fara daga sashin da kuma abin da ke cikin zare, a canza shi zuwa gram a kowace mita, a raba shi da tex don samun ƙarewa, sannan a duba abubuwa uku da kundin bayanai ba zai iya gaya muku ba: ko creel yana da sarari, ko wanka yana da lokaci, da kuma ko ƙarshen ɗaya ya isa daidai.Duba samfuran ƙarfafa fiberglass na Ruifiberdon ganin kewayon ƙarfafawa tare da wannan layin juyawa, kuma karantatafiye-tafiye kai tsaye don pultrusion da naɗaɗɗen filamentshafi kafin ka aika RFQ wanda ke ba da suna ga tsarinka, sashe, manufa Vf da resin - gwargwadon waɗanda ka ƙayyade, ƙarin amsar za ta dawo daidai da layinka.
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