I-Direct Roving Tex: Ukukhetha i-2400, 4800 noma i-9600 ye-Pultrusion kanye ne-Filament Winding

Umugqa we-pultrusion ongapheli kahle uvame ukuba nenkinga ye-tex, hhayi inkinga ye-resin. Iphrofayili iphuma nama-patches omile emakhoneni ngokushesha nje lapho ucindezela isivinini. Noma okuqukethwe yingilazi kungaphansi kwalokho okufunwa umdwebo, futhi akukho silinganiso sokushisa kwe-die esivala igebe. Noma yonke indawo ku-creel inabantu futhi ingxenye isashoda nge-fiber. Akukho nokukodwa kwalokhu okubonakala njengephutha le-datasheet, ngoba akukho lutho ku-datasheet olungalungile. Kuvela ngoba i-tex ikhethwe kukhathalogi esikhundleni somugqa.

Lo mhlahlandlela usebenza ngokukhetha phakathi kwe-2400, 4800 kanye ne-9600 tex ngendlela unjiniyela wenqubo ahlangabezana ngayo nayo: ukuthi inombolo ilinganiswa kanjani, kungani ama-roving amabili ane-tex efanayo engashintshaniswa, ukuthi zingaki iziphetho ezidingwa yiphrofayili ethile, nokuthi isinyathelo ngasinye sibiza malini.

Lokho i-tex ekulinganisayo ngempela (kanye nenombolo ye-yield ngemuva kwayo)

I-Tex iyi-linear density: amagremu ngamamitha ayi-1,000. I-2400 tex roving inesisindo esingu-2.4 g ngemitha ngayinye oyidonsayo; i-4800 tex inesisindo esingu-4.8 g; i-9600 tex inesisindo esingu-9.6 g. Yileyo incazelo ephelele, futhi kufanelekile ukuyisho ngokucacile ngoba i-tex isetshenziswa njengesifinyezo se-"ubukhulu" ngendlela efihla izinto ezimbili engazichazi: ububanzi be-filament ngaphakathi kwentambo, kanye namandla e-laminate ozowakha ngayo.

Uma imidwebo yakho noma umnyango wakho wokuthenga usebenza kumayunithi ase-US, incazelo efanayo ibonakala njengenzuzo ngamayadi ngephawundi, okuveza isici esifanayo kusuka kolunye uhlangothi:

Kumugqa owodwa:yd/lb = 496,055 ÷ tex.

i-tex	g/m	≈ yd/lb
1200	1.2	413
2400	2.4	207
4800	4.8	103
9600	9.6	52

Ukuguqulwa kuyizibalo, hhayi ukulinganisa ukuziphatha kwezinto ezibonakalayo: 1 lb = 453.592 g kanye no-1 yd = 0.9144 m, futhi okungaguquki kuphuma kulawo maqiniso amabili. Kubalulekile ngoba umsabalalisi wase-US ecaphuna "206 yield" kanye nedatha yemishini ethi "2400 tex" zichaza ukuzulazula okufanayo ezinothini ezimbili. Guqula ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa, futhi ungalokothi ufake isibalo se-tex kanye nesibalo se-yield etafuleni elifanayo ngaphandle kokufaka ilebula ukuthi iyiphi ikholomu.

Indwangu efanayo, umucu ohlukile

Abahlinzeki ababili bangacaphuna i-4800 tex futhi bathumele imicu eziphatha ngendlela ehlukile, ngoba i-tex iwumkhiqizo wezinqumo ezimbili ezizimele: ukuthi imicu emingaki ethwalwa yi-bushing, nokuthi imicu ngayinye ibanzi kangakanani.

Intambo eyodwa yengilazi engu-17 µm ithwala cishe i-0.58 tex; ku-24 µm, cishe i-1.15 tex, ku-2.55 g/cm³ yengilazi ecatshangelwayo. Sebenzisa leyo zibalo bese kuvela into ewusizo: i-bushing enemigodi engu-4,000 edwetshwe ku-17 µm ifike eduze kwe-2,315 tex, kuyilapho i-bushing enemigodi engu-2,000 ku-24 µm ifike eduze kwe-2,307 tex. I-tex efanayo, ingxenye yenani lemigodi, i-filaments inkulu ngo-40% ububanzi.

Lezi zintambo ezimbili azilingani ngezansi komfula. Inqwaba yezintambo eziningi ezincane inikeza indawo engaphezulu kakhulu ku-resin futhi isakazeka ibe yibhande eliyisicaba, elisiza ekumanziseni futhi lisize ekugcwaliseni umgodi obanzi, omncane. Inqwaba yezintambo ezimbalwa, eziqinile iyakhipha amanzi futhi ifake uketshezi ngendlela ehlukile, imelana nokuvuleka emnyango we-die, futhi iguqule amandla ayo abe yi-laminate ngendlela ehlukile. Akukho okungcono kakhulu ekuchazeni; zingamathuluzi ahlukene.

Isenzo esisho lokhu sincane futhi sishibhile: cela ububanzi be-filament kanye nenani lemigodi ye-bushing eceleni kwe-tex. Abaphakeli bashicilela i-tex kanye nobubanzi njengamakholomu ahlukene ngenxa yalesi sizathu, futhi kuyindlela esheshayo yokuthola ukuthi i-4800 eshibhile iyi-reinforcement efanayo noma inombolo efanayo nje.

Ibhalansi yesisindo: kusukela kuphrofayela kuya ekugcineni

Lesi yisibalo esiguqula umdwebo ube yisakhiwo se-creel. Izinyathelo ezintathu, futhi ukuqagela kubalulekile njengezibalo.

Isinyathelo 1 — isisindo sengilazi ngemitha.Thatha indawo yesigaba esiphambeneyo ku-cm², phindaphinda ngo-100 ukuze uthole ivolumu yemitha eyodwa yephrofayili, phindaphinda ngengxenye yevolumu yefayibha eqondiwe, bese kuba ngobuningi bengilazi. Ngobuningi, u-2.55 g/cm³ yinani elisetshenziswe lapha.

Isinyathelo sesi-2 — siyaphela.Hlukanisa isisindo sengilazi ngemitha ngesisindo esitholakala ekugcineni ngamitha, okungu-tex ÷ 1,000.

Isinyathelo sesi-3 — zungeza bese uhlola kabusha.Iziphetho ziyizinombolo eziphelele. Sondeza phezulu, bese ubala okuqukethwe kwefayibha ozokwakha, ngoba yileyo phrofayili ozoyithumela.

Izibikezelo, ezishiwo kanye ukuze ukwazi ukufaka ezakho esikhundleni: konke ukuqinisa kuyazulazula (akukho mat, veil noma filler esigabeni), i-target Vf iyingxenyana yevolumu kunokuba yingxenyana yesisindo, futhi i-die clearance kanye ne-resin bleed-back azinakwa. Shintsha noma yiziphi zalezo bese izinombolo zihamba.

Isibonelo esisebenzayo: iphrofayili eyisicaba engu-100 mm × 6 mm ku-Vf eqondiwe engu-0.60.

Indawo = 6.00 cm², ngakho-ke imitha elilodwa lephrofayili liqukethe ama-600 cm³ ezinto zokwakha

Umthamo wengilazi = 600 × 0.60 = 360 cm³

Isisindo sengilazi = 360 × 2.55 =918 g/m

i-tex	g/m ngokuphela ngakunye	iziphetho ezidingekayo (ngokuqondile)	kuphelela ku-oda	g/m ilethwa	I-Vf yakhiwe ngempela
2400	2.4	382.5	383	919.2	0.601
4800	4.8	191.3	192	921.6	0.602
9600	9.6	95.6	96	921.6	0.602

Zonke izinketho ezintathu ze-tex zifinyelele umgomo ngaphakathi kokuzungeza. Yilokho iphuzu: kulesi sigaba sokubala i-tex ibukeka njengokukhetha okukhululekile. Umehluko onquma ukuthi ayikho kuleli thebula.

Lokho okuzuzayo nalokho okukhokhayo uma ukhuphuka isinyathelo

Iziphetho ezingamakhulu amathathu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili nantathu ziba ngu-192, bese kuba ngu-96. Leso silinganiso esisodwa siqhuba ama-akhawunti amane ahlukene, futhi awahambi wonke aye ohlangothini olufanayo.

Izikhundla ze-Creel kanye nesikhathi sokufaka intambo.Izindleko ze-Creel zilingana nendawo ngayinye, kanye nomsebenzi wokuyihlanganisa ngentambo. Ukuhlukanisa iziphetho ngesigamu kuhlukaniswa kokubili kube yizingxenye ezimbili. Emgqeni lapho ubude be-creel buyisithiyo sokubopha — okuyimigqa eminingi ye-pultrusion — lokhu ngokuvamile kuyisizathu sangempela sokukhuphuka isinyathelo, futhi akunandaba nezinto ezibonakalayo.

Izinguquko zephakheji kanye nama-splices.Ingxenye yeziphetho isho ingxenye yamaphakheji, ngakho-ke ingxenye yama-doff kanye nengxenye yama-splices ngeshifti ngayinye. Ekugijimeni okuqhubekayo, ukuphazamiseka okuncane kubaluleke kakhulu kunomfanekiso ongcono kancane, ngoba yonke i-splice iyindawo lapho okuthile kungahamba khona kabi.

Kumanzi.Yilapho isimangalo sekhathalogi sidinga khona isichasiso. I-tex ephezulu ikhulisa ukugeleza kwe-fiber ekugcineni ngakunye, futhi ikhasi lomkhiqizo lisho kanjalo ngqo: inombolo ephezulu ye-tex isho umucu ojiyile, ongasetshenziswa ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-fiber nokusheshisa ukukhiqizwa. Lokho kuyiqiniso, futhi kuyisitatimende mayelana nokugeleza ekugcineni ngakunye. Akusona isithembiso sokuthi ukuminza kwakho kuzoqhubeka.

Isikhathi sokuhlala ebhafini ubude bokugeza buhlukaniswe ngesivinini somugqa. Ibhavu elingu-0.6 m elisebenza ku-0.3 m/min linikeza umucu ngamunye imizuzu emibili ku-resin; ku-0.6 m/min linikeza umzuzu owodwa; ku-1.2 m/min, imizuzwana engamashumi amathathu. Inqwaba eqinile inezendlalelo eziningi ze-filament ukuze i-resin ingene, ngakho-ke isikhathi esifanayo sokuhlala sithenga ukungena okuncane. Khulisa i-tex kanye nesivinini somugqa ndawonye - okuyikho kanye impikiswano yokudlula ekhuthazayo - futhi imiphumela emibili ihlangana ngokumelene nokuphuma okumanzi.

Ukulungiswa kokuqukethwe kwefayibha.Ukuphela okukodwa kwe-2400 tex kuhamba nge-Vf ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-0.16 kule phrofayela. Ukuphela okukodwa kwe-4800 tex kuyihambisa ngo-0.31; umkhawulo owodwa we-9600 tex, u-0.63. Uma imininingwane yakho ingu-60 ± 1%, konke lokhu okuthathu kuyasebenza. Uma usika ngaphakathi kwefasitela elinendawo eyodwa — 62% kuya ku-63%, noma ufanisa ikhuphoni lekhasimende — i-2400 tex ikunikeza cishe izinyathelo eziyisithupha ngaphesheya kwayo, i-9600 tex cishe eyodwa.

Uma zihlanganiswa, iphethini iyahambisana: izindonga ezincane, izingxenye ezincane kanye nokubekezelelana kwe-fiber okuqinile kukusunduzela ku-tex ecolekile, lapho iziphetho ezengeziwe zithenga khona ukucaca nokusabalala. Izingxenye ezijiyile, ama-long run kanye nemigqa elinganiselwe yi-creel ikusunduzela ku-tex ecolekile, lapho iziphetho ezimbalwa zithenga ubulula. Imigqa embalwa kakhulu inqunyelwe yizo zozine ngesikhathi esisodwa, yingakho impendulo ihlukile phakathi kwezitshalo ezimbili ezisebenzisa iphrofayili efanayo.

Ukugoqana kwe-Pultrusion kanye ne-filament: i-tex efanayo, ophahleni ababili

I-tex efanayo iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kulezi zinqubo ezimbili ngoba umkhawulo wokukhawulela awufani.

In i-pultrusion, uphahla luwumnyango wokufaka idayi. Yonke ingxenye kufanele isakazwe ibe yibhande eligcwalisa umgodi ngokulinganayo, ngaphandle kwezikhala futhi ngaphandle kokugqagqana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye ezincane zisakazeka kalula futhi zigcwalise ingxenye ebanzi, engajulile kangcono; izingxenye ezimbalwa, ezijiyile ziqinile, zimelana nokuvuleka, futhi zingashiya amakhona elambile. Ngakho-ke i-tex esebenzayo isethwa ukuthi zingaki izingxenye zedayi yakho ezibambayo nokuthi ukusebenza kahle kangakanani kokusabalalisa kwakho kwangaphambi kokufa - hhayi ngalokho okunikezwa yi-datasheet.

In ukugoqa kwentambo, uphahla luyi-bandwidth kanye nokucindezeleka. Uma lulingana, iziphetho ezingu-48 ze-2400 tex kanye neziphetho ezingu-12 ze-9600 tex ziletha isisindo esifanayo ngehora. Iziphetho eziyishumi nambili zisho indlela yokucindezeleka emfushane kanye neziqondiso ezimbalwa, okulula ukuzilawula futhi okulula ukuziphinda. Kodwa ngalinye lalawo maphakheji ayishumi nambili manje lithwala ukugeleza kobunzima okuphindwe kane, ngakho-ke i-snag eyodwa, iphakheji elilodwa elibi noma i-tension spike eyodwa ibonakala njengephutha lebhendi endaweni ebanzi. Ukugoqa kuphinde kukhathalele ububanzi bebhendi nge-pass ngayinye, okushintsha nge-tex: ukuhamba okuqinile kuhlanganisa ububanzi obengeziwe ku-traverse eyodwa, okushintsha ukuthi zingaki iziphasi ezivala ungqimba.

Ukuzulazula okufanelekile emaphethelweni angu-383 ngedayisi ye-pultrusion kungaba ukukhetha okungalungile emaphethelweni angu-12 ku-mandrel. Inombolo efanayo, uphahla oluhlukile.

Inombolo yokudlula elinganisa i-creel yakho

Ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele ekwenzeni i-tex, hlola ukuthi i-creel yakho ikunikeza ini:

Izibalo ziwumugqa owodwa:kg/h = iziphetho × (i-tex ÷ 1000) × isivinini somugqa (m/min) × 0.06.

Ku-25 m/min, ukuletha i-172.8 kg/h kuthatha iziphetho ezingu-48 ze-2400 tex, iziphetho ezingu-24 ze-4800 tex, noma iziphetho ezingu-12 ze-9600 tex.

i-tex	iphela ngo-172.8 kg/h ku-25 m/min	iphela ngo-345.6 kg/h ku-25 m/min
2400	48	96
4800	24	48
9600	12	24

Lena inombolo esetha usayizi we-creel, isisindo sephakheji kanye ne-doffing interval. Ayikutsheli ukuthi umugqa uzomanzi yini - lokho kubalwa kwesikhathi sokuhlala ngenhla - futhi ayikutsheli ukuthi iphrofayili izogcwala yini. Yisebenzisele usayizi we-creel, bese usebenzisa ezinye ezimbili ukuhlola ukuthi i-creel oyilinganisile ingasebenza ngempela.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ngingathenga nje i-tex ebiza kakhulu ukuze nginciphise imikhawulo?

Ungakwazi, futhi emugqeni olinganiselwe we-creel ngokuvamile kulungile. Hlola izinto ezimbili kuqala: isikhathi sokuhlala esinikezwa yibhavu lakho ngesivinini sakho esiqondiwe, nokuthi ngabe uhlangothi olulodwa lwaleyo tex luyisinyathelo esinzima kakhulu yini sokubekezelela okuqukethwe yi-fiber. Uma zombili zidlula, itex eqinile iyaphumelela ngokulula.

Abahlinzeki ababili bacaphuna i-tex efanayo — ingabe bayashintshana?

Akunjalo ngempela. Cela ububanzi be-filament, inani lemigodi ye-bushing kanye nohlelo losayizi. I-tex efanayo enokwakhiwa kwentambo ehlukile izomanzisa ngendlela ehlukile futhi ngeke iguqule amandla abe yi-laminate ngendlela efanayo.

Ingabe i-4800 tex "iphakathi" kuka-2400 no-9600?

Ngobunzima, yebo: kabili kanye nengxenye. Ngokwemigomo yenqubo, cha. Ihlukanisa iziphetho ngesigamu ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa inani lezinyathelo zokulungisa ngesigamu, futhi iphinda kabili ukugeleza kobunzima ngephakheji ngayinye kunokuba iphindwe kane. Ukushintshana akulona i-linear, yingakho inketho ephakathi ivame ukuba yileyo efanela umugqa one-creel eqondile kanye nokubekezelelana okuqinile.

Khetha i-tex ongayibamba ngomugqa wakho

I-Tex iyisinqumo somugqa esigqoka izingubo zeshidi ledatha. Qala kusukela esigabeni kanye nokuqukethwe kwefayibha okuqondiwe, guqula kube amagremu ngemitha, uhlukanise nge-tex ukuze uthole iziphetho, bese uhlola izinto ezintathu ikhathalogi engenakukutshela zona: ukuthi i-creel inendawo yini, ukuthi ibhavu linesikhathi yini, nokuthi ngabe uhlangothi olulodwa luyilungiselelo elanele yini.Dlulisa amehlo emikhiqizweni yokuqinisa i-fiberglass kaRuifiberukubona ububanzi bokuqinisa eceleni kwalo mugqa wokuzulazula, bese ufundaukuhambahamba ngqo ukuze kuqhume futhi kugoqe intamboNgaphambi kokuthi uthumele i-RFQ eqamba inqubo yakho, isigaba, i-target Vf kanye ne-resin — uma ucacisa okuningi kwalokho, impendulo eningi ibuya isivele ifanelane nomugqa wakho.